| Kōshō | |
|---|---|
| Emperor of Japan | |
| Reign | legendary |
| Born | legendary |
| Died | legendary |
| Buried | Wakigami no Hakata no yama no e no misasagi (Nara) |
| Predecessor | Itoku |
| Successor | Kōan |
Emperor Kōshō (孝昭天皇, Kōshō-tennō); also known as Mimatsuhikokaeshine no Mikoto; was the fifth emperor of Japan,[1] according to the traditional order of succession.[2]
No firm dates can be assigned to this emperor's life or reign, but he is conventionally considered to have reigned from 475 to 393 BC,[3] but he may have lived in the early 1st century.[4]
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Modern scholars have come to question the existence of at least the first nine emperors; and Kōshō's descendant, Emperor Sujin is the first many agree might have actually existed.[5] The name Kōshō-tennō was assigned to him posthumously by later generations.[6]
Kōshō is regarded by historians as a "legendary emperor". There is insufficient material available for further verification and study.[7] The reign of Emperor Kimmei (509?–571), the 29th emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, is the first for which contemporary historiography are able to assign verifiable dates;[8] however, the conventionally accepted names and dates of the early emperors were not to be confirmed as "traditional" until the reign of Emperor Kammu (737–806), the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty.[9]
In Kojiki and Nihonshoki only his name and genealogy were recorded. He is believed to be oldest son of Emperor Itoku; and his mother is believed to have been Amanotoyototsu-hime, who was the daughter of Okishimimi-no-kami.[10] The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and an Imperial misasagi or tomb for Itoku is currently maintained; however, no extant contemporary records have been discovered which confirm a view that this historical figure actually reigned. He is considered to have been the fourth of eight emperors without specific legends associated with them, also known as the "eight undocumented monarchs" (欠史八代, Kesshi-hachidai).[11]
Emperor Kōshō was the eldest son of Emperor Itoku.[3] Jien records that he ruled from the palace of Ikekokoro-no-miya at Waki-no-kami in what will come to be known as Yamato province.[12]
This posthumous name literally means "filial manifestation". It is undisputed that this identification is Chinese in form and Buddhist in implication, which suggests that the name must have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to Kōshō, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki.[11]
The actual site of Kōshō's grave is not known.[1] This emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine (misasagi) at Nara.
The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as Kōshō's mausoleum. It is formally named Wakigami no Hakata no yama no e no misasagi.[13]
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Emperor Itoku |
Legendary Emperor of Japan 475 BC–393 BC (traditional dates) |
Succeeded by Emperor Kōan |
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